Parameter Name B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Test Type Blood Normal Range < 100 pg/mL High Levels Indicate Heart failure, volume overload, cardiac stress. Low Levels Indicate Normal heart function. Why It's Tested To diagnose and monitor heart failure severity. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Shortness of breath, swelling, fatigue. What To Do If Abnormal Refer to cardiologist, echocardiogram, optimize heart failure treatment. Common Conditions Related Heart failure, card

Parameter Name Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) Test Type Blood Normal Range < 5 ng/mL or < 3% of total CK High Levels Indicate Heart muscle damage, myocardial infarction, or muscle injury. Low Levels Indicate Normal muscle status; low or undetectable expected in healthy individuals. Why It's Tested To help diagnose myocardial infarction and distinguish cardiac from skeletal muscle injury. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Chest pain, weakness, muscle soreness. What To Do If Abnorm

Parameter Name Troponin I (cTnI) Test Type Blood Normal Range < 0.04 ng/mL (varies by assay) High Levels Indicate Heart muscle injury such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), myocarditis, or severe cardiac stress. Low Levels Indicate Normal heart muscle integrity; low or undetectable is expected in healthy individuals. Why It's Tested To diagnose acute coronary syndrome and assess heart muscle damage. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Chest pain, shortness of breath, swe

Parameter Name DHEA-S Test Type Blood Normal Range Women: 35 – 430 µg/dL (varies by age) Men: 80 – 560 µg/dL (varies by age) High Levels Indicate Adrenal tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, PCOS. Low Levels Indicate Adrenal insufficiency, hypopituitarism. Why It's Tested To evaluate adrenal gland function, androgen excess, and adrenal tumors. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) High: Excessive hair growth, acne, menstrual irregularities. Low: Fatigue, muscle weakness. What

Parameter Name Progesterone Test Type Blood Normal Range Women (Luteal phase): 5 – 20 ng/mL Men: < 1 ng/mL High Levels Indicate Pregnancy, luteal cysts, hormone therapy. Low Levels Indicate Anovulation, luteal phase defect, risk of miscarriage. Why It's Tested To assess ovulation, fertility status, and monitor pregnancy. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Low: Irregular periods, infertility, early pregnancy loss. High: Generally asymptomatic unless related to therapy. What To

Parameter Name Growth Hormone (GH) Test Type Blood Normal Range Fasting adult: < 5 ng/mL (varies by lab and stimulation) High Levels Indicate Acromegaly, pituitary tumors. Low Levels Indicate Growth hormone deficiency, pituitary insufficiency. Why It's Tested To evaluate growth disorders, suspected pituitary tumors, or GH deficiency. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) High: Enlarged hands/feet, facial changes, joint pain. Low: Short stature (children), fatigue (adults). What T

Parameter Name Insulin Test Type Blood Normal Range Fasting: 2.6 – 24.9 µIU/mL High Levels Indicate Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, insulinoma. Low Levels Indicate Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta-cell failure. Why It's Tested To evaluate pancreatic beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and help diagnose diabetes types. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) High: Weight gain, fatigue, signs of metabolic syndrome. Low: Weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia. What To Do If Abnorm

Parameter Name Cortisol Test Type Blood / Saliva / Urine Normal Range Morning blood cortisol: 6 – 23 mcg/dL Evening blood cortisol: 3 – 13 mcg/dL High Levels Indicate Cushing's syndrome, stress, steroid use, adrenal tumors. Low Levels Indicate Addison's disease, adrenal insufficiency, pituitary dysfunction. Why It's Tested To assess adrenal gland function, diagnose Cushing’s or Addison’s disease, and evaluate stress response. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) High: Weight gai

Parameter Name Testosterone Test Type Blood Normal Range Men: 300 – 1,000 ng/dL Women: 15 – 70 ng/dL High Levels Indicate Androgen-secreting tumors, steroid use, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. Low Levels Indicate Hypogonadism, pituitary disorders, aging, chronic illness. Why It's Tested To evaluate sexual dysfunction, infertility, delayed or precocious puberty, and androgen excess. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) High: Aggression, acne, hirsutism (in women), inf

Parameter Name Estradiol (E2) Test Type Blood Normal Range Women (Follicular phase): 19 – 140 pg/mL Women (Mid-cycle peak): 110 – 410 pg/mL Women (Luteal phase): 70 – 250 pg/mL Men: 10 – 40 pg/mL High Levels Indicate Ovarian tumors, estrogen therapy, pregnancy. Low Levels Indicate Menopause, ovarian failure, hypogonadism. Why It's Tested To assess ovarian function, menstrual irregularities, fertility, and hormone replacement therapy. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) High: Br

Parameter Name Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Test Type Blood Normal Range Women (Follicular phase): 3.5 – 12.5 IU/L Women (Mid-cycle peak): 4.7 – 21.5 IU/L Women (Luteal phase): 1.7 – 7.7 IU/L Men: 1.5 – 12.4 IU/L High Levels Indicate Menopause, primary gonadal failure. Low Levels Indicate Pituitary or hypothalamic disorders causing secondary hypogonadism. Why It's Tested To evaluate fertility, menstrual irregularities, and gonadal function. Associated Symptoms (if abnor

Parameter Name Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Test Type Blood Normal Range Women (Follicular phase): 1.9 – 12.5 IU/L Women (Mid-cycle peak): 8.7 – 76.3 IU/L Women (Luteal phase): 0.5 – 16.9 IU/L Men: 1.8 – 8.6 IU/L High Levels Indicate Menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), primary gonadal failure. Low Levels Indicate Pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction, secondary hypogonadism. Why It's Tested To assess fertility issues, menstrual irregularities, and diagnose pituitary or g

Parameter Name Prolactin Test Type Blood Normal Range Women: 4.8 – 23.3 ng/mL Men: 4.0 – 15.2 ng/mL High Levels Indicate Pituitary adenomas, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, stress, certain medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants). Low Levels Indicate Rare; may suggest pituitary dysfunction or hypothalamic disorders. Why It's Tested To investigate causes of infertility, menstrual irregularities, galactorrhea, and suspected pituitary tumors. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Hi

Parameter Name Serum Trypsin / Trypsinogen Test Type Blood Normal Range Trypsinogen: 10–57 ng/mL (lab-specific) High Levels Indicate Acute pancreatitis, pancreatic duct obstruction, or trauma to the pancreas. Low Levels Indicate Chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, or pancreatic insufficiency. Why It's Tested To evaluate pancreatic enzyme secretion; trypsinogen is a sensitive marker in newborn screening for cystic fibrosis. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Abdominal pain,

Parameter Name Lipase Test Type Blood Normal Range 10–140 U/L (lab-specific ranges may vary) High Levels Indicate Acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, bowel obstruction, or kidney disease. Low Levels Indicate Permanent pancreatic damage, chronic pancreatitis, or cystic fibrosis. Why It's Tested More specific than amylase for diagnosing acute pancreatitis. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Severe upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever when the levels are high & signs

Parameter Name Phosphorus (Phosphate) Test Type Blood Normal Range 2.5–4.5 mg/dL High Levels Indicate Hyperphosphatemia — chronic kidney disease, excessive intake, hypoparathyroidism. Low Levels Indicate Hypophosphatemia — malnutrition, alcoholism, hyperparathyroidism. Why It's Tested Vital for energy production, bone health, and cellular function. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Bone pain, fatigue, weakness, numbness (low); itching, muscle cramps (high). What To Do If Abno

1. Parameter Name Magnesium 2. Test Type Blood (serum magnesium) 3. Normal Range 1.7–2.2 mg/dL 4. High Levels Indicate Kidney failure, excessive supplementation, adrenal insufficiency. 5. Low Levels Indicate Poor intake, alcoholism, gastrointestinal losses. 6. Why It's Tested To evaluate neuromuscular and cardiovascular health. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Muscle cramps, arrhythmias, fatigue, seizures (if low). 8. What To Do If Abnormal Adjust diet/supplements; treat

1. Parameter Name Iron 2. Test Type Blood (serum iron, TIBC, ferritin) 3. Normal Range Serum iron: 60–170 µg/dL 4. High Levels Indicate Hemochromatosis, iron overload, excessive supplementation. 5. Low Levels Indicate Iron deficiency anemia, chronic blood loss. 6. Why It's Tested To assess iron status and investigate anemia. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, brittle nails (if low). 8. What To Do If Abnormal Adjust intake, iron supplementation

1. Parameter Name Zinc 2. Test Type Blood (plasma/serum zinc) 3. Normal Range 70–120 µg/dL 4. High Levels Indicate Rare; excessive supplementation may cause toxicity. 5. Low Levels Indicate Impaired immunity, poor wound healing, skin issues. 6. Why It's Tested To check for deficiency or excess due to supplements or disease. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Hair loss, loss of appetite, delayed wound healing, taste changes. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Adjust dietary intake, c

1. Parameter Name Copper 2. Test Type Blood or urine (serum copper) 3. Normal Range 70–140 µg/dL 4. High Levels Indicate Wilson’s disease, copper toxicity, liver disease. 5. Low Levels Indicate Menkes disease, malnutrition, malabsorption. 6. Why It's Tested To investigate metabolic or genetic copper disorders. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Fatigue, neurological symptoms, weak immunity. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Treat underlying condition; dietary correction or chelatio