Know Your Blood Parameters: Estradiol (E2)
- Summarised by TGHC Editorial Team
- Aug 9, 2025
- 3 min read
Updated: Dec 23, 2025
Parameter Name
Estradiol (E2)
Estradiol, often abbreviated as E2, is a potent form of estrogen, a hormone that plays a critical role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics. It is also present in males but at significantly lower levels, where it plays a role in modulating libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis.
Test Type
Blood
The estradiol test is performed on a blood sample, which is typically drawn from a vein in the arm. This type of testing is essential for obtaining accurate hormone level measurements, as blood serum provides a clear picture of the hormonal state of the individual at the time of testing.
Normal Range
Women (Follicular phase): 19 – 140 pg/mL
Women (Mid-cycle peak): 110 – 410 pg/mL
Women (Luteal phase): 70 – 250 pg/mL
Men: 10 – 40 pg/mL
The normal ranges for estradiol levels vary significantly between men and women and also fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle in women. During the follicular phase, which is the first part of the menstrual cycle, estradiol levels are relatively low, while they peak during the mid-cycle, coinciding with ovulation. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the levels decrease but remain elevated compared to the follicular phase.
High Levels Indicate
Ovarian tumors, estrogen therapy, pregnancy.
Elevated estradiol levels can suggest several conditions, including ovarian tumors that produce excess estrogen, the use of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women or those undergoing hormone replacement therapy, and normal physiological changes during pregnancy where estradiol levels rise significantly to support fetal development and prepare the body for childbirth.
Low Levels Indicate
Menopause, ovarian failure, hypogonadism.
Low estradiol levels can be indicative of menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's reproductive years, characterized by the cessation of menstrual cycles. Additionally, conditions such as ovarian failure, where the ovaries do not produce sufficient hormones, and hypogonadism, which affects both men and women, can lead to decreased estradiol levels, resulting in various symptoms and health issues.
Why It's Tested
To assess ovarian function, menstrual irregularities, fertility, and hormone replacement therapy.
The estradiol test is crucial for evaluating ovarian function, particularly in women experiencing menstrual irregularities or difficulties conceiving. It is also used to monitor hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women to ensure appropriate dosing and effectiveness. Understanding estradiol levels can provide insight into a woman's reproductive health and guide treatment options.
Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)
High: Breast tenderness, menstrual irregularities.
Low: Hot flashes, irregular periods, infertility.
When estradiol levels are elevated, women may experience symptoms such as breast tenderness, mood swings, and irregularities in their menstrual cycles. Conversely, low estradiol levels can lead to symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, irregular periods, and in some cases, infertility, as the hormonal imbalance can disrupt ovulation and overall reproductive health.
What To Do If Abnormal
Correlate with FSH, LH; consult gynecologist or endocrinologist.
If estradiol levels are found to be abnormal, it is essential to correlate these findings with other hormonal tests, such as Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the hormonal landscape. Consulting with a gynecologist or endocrinologist can provide further evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations based on the individual's specific situation.
Common Conditions Related
PCOS, menopause, ovarian failure, estrogen-secreting tumors.
Several common conditions can be associated with abnormal estradiol levels. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal imbalances that can lead to elevated estradiol levels. Menopause marks a natural decline in estradiol production, while ovarian failure can result in insufficient hormone levels. Additionally, certain tumors that secrete estrogen can cause elevated estradiol levels, necessitating further investigation and management.
Nutrition or Lifestyle Connection
Maintain healthy body weight; phytoestrogen-rich foods may modulate levels.
References (APA Format)
Melmed, S. et al. (2016). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (13th ed.). Elsevier.
MedlinePlus. (2023). Estradiol Test. https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/estradiol/
