Know Your Blood Parameters: DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate)
- Summarised by TGHC Editorial Team
- Aug 9, 2025
- 3 min read
Updated: Dec 26, 2025
Parameter Name
DHEA-S (Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate)
DHEA-S is a sulfate form of dehydroepiandrosterone, which is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the adrenal glands. This hormone plays a vital role in the production of androgens and estrogens, the male and female sex hormones, respectively. DHEA-S levels are often measured to assess adrenal function and can provide insights into various health conditions, including adrenal insufficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other hormonal imbalances. The measurement of DHEA-S is significant as it serves as a stable marker for DHEA levels in the body, given that DHEA itself has a shorter half-life. Understanding the levels of DHEA-S can help clinicians evaluate the health of the adrenal glands and the overall hormonal balance in both men and women.
Test Type
Blood
The DHEA-S test is conducted using a blood sample, which is typically drawn from a vein in the arm. This test is relatively straightforward and involves minimal discomfort for the patient. Blood samples are usually sent to a laboratory for analysis, where the concentration of DHEA-S in the serum is measured. The results can be influenced by various factors, including age, sex, and the time of day the sample is taken, as hormone levels can fluctuate throughout the day. It is important for healthcare providers to interpret the results in the context of the patient's overall health, symptoms, and any other relevant medical history.
Normal Range
Women: 35 – 430 µg/dL (varies by age, with levels typically peaking in early adulthood and gradually declining thereafter)
Men: 80 – 560 µg/dL (varies by age, with higher levels generally seen in younger men compared to older populations)
High Levels Indicate
High levels of DHEA-S can be indicative of several medical conditions, including adrenal tumors, which are growths on the adrenal glands that can affect hormone production. Additionally, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic disorder affecting adrenal hormone synthesis, may lead to elevated levels. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is another condition associated with high DHEA-S, characterized by hormonal imbalances that can cause various symptoms in women.
Low Levels Indicate
Low levels of DHEA-S may suggest adrenal insufficiency, a condition wherein the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient hormones. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue and weakness. Hypopituitarism, a disorder in which the pituitary gland fails to produce adequate amounts of certain hormones, can also result in diminished DHEA-S levels, impacting overall hormone balance and bodily functions.
Why It's Tested
The DHEA-S test is essential for evaluating adrenal gland function and determining whether there is an excess of androgens in the body. It can also assist in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors, providing critical information that can guide treatment decisions. By measuring DHEA-S levels, healthcare providers can gain insight into the hormonal status of a patient, particularly in cases where symptoms of hormonal imbalance are present.
Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)
If DHEA-S levels are found to be high, patients may experience symptoms such as excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and menstrual irregularities, which can significantly affect quality of life. Conversely, low levels may lead to symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and decreased libido, indicating a need for further investigation and management of underlying health issues.
What To Do If Abnormal
In the case of abnormal DHEA-S levels, it is crucial to follow up with further diagnostic procedures, such as adrenal imaging (like CT or MRI scans) to visualize the adrenal glands and assess for any abnormalities. Additional hormone tests may also be warranted to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the endocrine system's status. Consulting with an endocrinologist, a specialist in hormone-related disorders, can offer further guidance and tailored treatment options based on the individual's specific condition and needs.
Common Conditions Related
Common conditions associated with abnormal DHEA-S levels include Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which affects many women of reproductive age and is characterized by hormonal imbalances and metabolic issues. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is another significant condition, often diagnosed in childhood, that affects how the body produces adrenal hormones. Adrenal tumors, while less common, can also lead to elevated levels of DHEA-S and require careful medical evaluation and management.
Nutrition or Lifestyle Connection
Nutrition and lifestyle play a vital role in supporting adrenal health and maintaining balanced hormone levels. Effective stress management techniques, such as mindfulness, exercise, and adequate sleep, can help regulate adrenal function. Additionally, a balanced diet rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and adequate protein can support overall hormone production and function, contributing to better health outcomes and hormonal balance.
References (APA Format)
Melmed, S. et al. (2016). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (13th ed.). Elsevier.
MedlinePlus. (2023). DHEA-S Test.https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/dehydroepiandrosterone-dhea-test/
