Know Your Blood Parameters: Prolactin
- Summarised by TGHC Editorial Team
- Aug 9, 2025
- 2 min read
Updated: Dec 23, 2025
Parameter Name
Prolactin
Prolactin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, and it plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, particularly in reproductive health. Its primary role is to promote lactation in women after childbirth, stimulating breast development and milk production.
Test Type
Blood
The prolactin test is conducted using a blood sample, typically drawn from a vein in the arm. This test is a standard procedure in clinical settings and is performed under sterile conditions to ensure accurate results.
Normal Range
Women: 4.8 – 23.3 ng/mL
Men: 4.0 – 15.2 ng/mL
These reference ranges can vary slightly depending on the laboratory conducting the test. It's important to interpret these values in the context of the patient's overall health and specific circumstances, as various factors can influence prolactin levels.
High Levels Indicate
Pituitary adenomas, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, stress, certain medications (such as antipsychotics and antidepressants). Elevated prolactin levels, known as hyperprolactinemia, can lead to various health issues and symptoms. In women, it can cause menstrual irregularities, while in men, it may result in decreased libido and erectile dysfunction.
Low Levels Indicate
Rare; may suggest pituitary dysfunction or hypothalamic disorders. Low prolactin levels are uncommon but can occur in cases of pituitary gland damage or certain hormonal imbalances. These conditions may lead to insufficient lactation in postpartum women or other reproductive issues.
Why It's Tested
To investigate causes of infertility, menstrual irregularities, galactorrhea (the production of breast milk unrelated to childbirth), and suspected pituitary tumors. The prolactin test is a valuable tool for healthcare providers in diagnosing and managing conditions related to reproductive health and hormonal balance.
Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)
High: Irregular menstruation, galactorrhea, infertility, decreased libido. These symptoms can significantly impact a person's quality of life and may require further investigation and treatment. Low: Usually asymptomatic, but in some cases, it may contribute to reproductive issues that might not be immediately apparent.
What To Do If Abnormal
Repeat test fasting and morning sample; if elevated, perform pituitary imaging and thyroid function tests. Follow-up testing is critical to confirm initial results and rule out transient causes of elevated prolactin levels, such as stress or recent physical activity.
Common Conditions Related
Prolactinoma, hypothyroidism, medication-induced hyperprolactinemia. Prolactinomas are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that can lead to significantly elevated prolactin levels. Understanding the underlying condition is essential for determining appropriate treatment strategies.
Nutrition or Lifestyle Connection
Manage stress, avoid excessive nipple stimulation, monitor medication effects. Lifestyle choices can have a profound impact on hormonal balance. Stress reduction techniques, such as mindfulness and exercise, can help maintain normal prolactin levels. Additionally, individuals should be aware of the potential side effects of certain medications that may influence prolactin production.
References (APA Format)
Melmed, S. et al. (2016). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (13th ed.). Elsevier.
MedlinePlus. (2023). Prolactin Test. https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/prolactin-test/
