1. Parameter Name Selenium 2. Test Type Blood (serum selenium) 3. Normal Range 60–120 µg/L 4. High Levels Indicate Selenosis from supplements or environmental exposure. 5. Low Levels Indicate Deficiency due to malnutrition, digestive disorders. 6. Why It's Tested To assess antioxidant capacity and thyroid function. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Hair loss, nail brittleness, fatigue, mental fog. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Correct intake, review supplements, address GI is

1. Parameter Name Manganese 2. Test Type Blood (serum/plasma manganese) 3. Normal Range 4–15 µg/L 4. High Levels Indicate Toxicity, especially from occupational exposure or supplements. 5. Low Levels Indicate Rare; poor dietary intake or absorption. 6. Why It's Tested To check for exposure or deficiency affecting metabolism. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Neurological issues, tremors, coordination problems (if high). 8. What To Do If Abnormal Avoid overexposure; treat w

1. Parameter Name Chromium 2. Test Type Blood or hair analysis 3. Normal Range 0.1–0.3 µg/L (serum) 4. High Levels Indicate Rare; industrial exposure or excessive supplements. 5. Low Levels Indicate Impaired glucose metabolism. 6. Why It's Tested To assess trace mineral status, especially in diabetics. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Poor blood sugar control, fatigue, weight changes. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Consider chromium picolinate supplements if deficient. 9. Comm

1. Parameter Name Molybdenum 2. Test Type Blood or urine 3. Normal Range 0.5–1.5 µg/L (serum) 4. High Levels Indicate Rare; industrial exposure or high supplement intake. 5. Low Levels Indicate Genetic disorders or poor intake. 6. Why It's Tested To assess enzyme function and rare genetic conditions. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Neurological symptoms, headache, rapid heartbeat. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Nutritional intervention, avoid unnecessary supplements. 9. Comm

1. Parameter Name Iodine 2. Test Type Urine (spot or 24-hour iodine test) 3. Normal Range 100–199 µg/L (urine) 4. High Levels Indicate Excess supplementation or contrast dyes. 5. Low Levels Indicate Iodine deficiency, leading to thyroid issues. 6. Why It's Tested To assess thyroid function and iodine nutrition. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Goiter, hypothyroidism, fatigue, cold intolerance. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Increase iodized salt or iodine-rich foods. 9. Common

1. Parameter Name Potassium 2. Test Type Blood (serum potassium) 3. Normal Range 3.5–5.1 mmol/L 4. High Levels Indicate Hyperkalemia due to kidney disease, tissue damage, or medications. 5. Low Levels Indicate Hypokalemia from vomiting, diarrhea, or diuretics. 6. Why It's Tested To assess muscle, nerve, and heart function. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Muscle weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias, cramps. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Adjust diet, medications, and treat underlyin

1. Parameter Name Sodium 2. Test Type Blood (serum sodium) 3. Normal Range 135–145 mmol/L 4. High Levels Indicate Dehydration, kidney dysfunction, hypernatremia. 5. Low Levels Indicate Hyponatremia, fluid overload, heart/liver/kidney disease. 6. Why It's Tested To evaluate fluid balance and nerve function. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Confusion, seizures, weakness, swelling. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Correct fluid balance, review medications or kidney function. 9. Com

1. Parameter Name Chloride 2. Test Type Blood (serum chloride) 3. Normal Range 96–106 mmol/L 4. High Levels Indicate Hyperchloremia, often with dehydration, kidney issues, or acidosis. 5. Low Levels Indicate Hypochloremia from vomiting, burns, or metabolic alkalosis. 6. Why It's Tested To help evaluate acid-base and fluid balance. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Dehydration, fatigue, breathing difficulties. 8. What To Do If Abnormal Rehydrate, treat underlying conditions

1. Parameter Name Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) 2. Test Type Blood (serum bicarbonate or CO₂ content) 3. Normal Range 22–29 mmol/L 4. High Levels Indicate Metabolic alkalosis from vomiting, diuretics, or lung diseases. 5. Low Levels Indicate Metabolic acidosis due to kidney disease, diarrhea, or diabetic ketoacidosis. 6. Why It's Tested To assess acid-base (pH) balance in the body. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Confusion, fatigue, breathing issues, muscle twitching. 8. What To D

Parameter Name Amylase Test Type Blood (also can be done via urine) Normal Range 30–110 U/L (may vary slightly by lab) High Levels Indicate Acute pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, gallstones, or salivary gland disorders. Low Levels Indicate Pancreatic insufficiency, chronic pancreatitis, or cystic fibrosis. Why It's Tested To diagnose or monitor pancreatitis or other pancreatic disorders. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever (if

1. Parameter Name   Vitamin B7 (Biotin) 2. Test Type   Blood or urine 3. Normal Range   0.1–0.4 ng/mL (plasma levels) 4. High Levels Indicate   Usually due to supplementation; no known toxicity. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Rare; may cause hair thinning, skin rash, neurological symptoms. 6. Why It's Tested   To evaluate biotin status in deficiency or suspected metabolic disorders. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Hair loss, dermatitis, depression, lethargy. 8. What To Do If

1. Parameter Name   Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 2. Test Type   Blood (plasma pyridoxal 5’-phosphate) 3. Normal Range   5–50 µg/L (varies by lab) 4. High Levels Indicate   Excess supplementation; may cause sensory neuropathy. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency linked to anemia, neurological symptoms, and immune dysfunction. 6. Why It's Tested   To diagnose deficiency or monitor supplementation. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Peripheral neuropathy, irritability, depressio

1. Parameter Name   Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 2. Test Type   Blood (Serum Niacin or urinary metabolites; rarely tested directly unless deficiency is suspected) 3. Normal Range   Typically assessed via urinary metabolites; reference range varies by testing method. No widely standardized serum reference range. 4. High Levels Indicate   Can result from excessive supplementation and may lead to liver toxicity, skin flushing, increased blood sugar, and gastrointestinal issues. 5. Low Le

1. Parameter Name   Vitamin B9 (Folate) 2. Test Type   Blood (serum or red blood cell folate) 3. Normal Range   Serum: 2.7–17 ng/mL; RBC folate: 140–628 ng/mL 4. High Levels Indicate   May mask B12 deficiency; generally from supplementation. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects in fetus. 6. Why It's Tested   To assess deficiency risk, especially in pregnancy and anemia workup. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Fatigue, weak

1. Parameter Name   Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 2. Test Type   Blood (plasma vitamin C) 3. Normal Range   0.4–2.0 mg/dL 4. High Levels Indicate   Excess supplementation; generally safe, possible GI discomfort. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency causes scurvy, impaired immunity, poor wound healing. 6. Why It's Tested   To diagnose deficiency or monitor supplementation. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Bleeding gums, bruising, fatigue, poor wound healing. 8. What To Do If

1. Parameter Name   Calcium 2. Test Type   Blood (serum calcium) 3. Normal Range   8.5–10.5 mg/dL 4. High Levels Indicate Hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism, cancer, or excess intake. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Hypocalcemia from vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, kidney disease. 6. Why It's Tested   To evaluate bone metabolism, parathyroid function, and calcium balance. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)  High: confusion, kidney stones; Low: muscle cramps, tingli

1. Parameter Name   Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) 2. Test Type   Blood or urine 3. Normal Range   0.8–8.4 µg/mL in urine (varies by lab) 4. High Levels Indicate   Rare and usually non-toxic; excess is excreted in urine. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency is very rare but may cause fatigue, irritability, and numbness. 6. Why It's Tested   To assess nutritional status in cases of malnutrition or metabolic disorders. 7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Fatigue, headache, num

1. Parameter Name Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 2. Test Type Blood or urine (measured via erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity) 3. Normal Range 1–2.5 µg/dL (may vary by lab) 4. High Levels Indicate Uncommon and generally non-toxic; may occur with supplements. 5. Low Levels Indicate Deficiency may impair energy metabolism, skin, and eye health. 6. Why It's Tested To identify nutritional deficiencies or investigate symptoms of fatigue, mouth sores, or skin issues. 7. Associated

1. Parameter Name   Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range   70–180 nmol/L (lab-specific) 4. High Levels Indicate   Rare and generally non-toxic; may result from excessive supplementation. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency may lead to neurological and cardiovascular issues like Beriberi or Wernicke's encephalopathy. 6. Why It's Tested   To assess thiamine deficiency, especially in individuals with malnutrition, alcoholism, or chronic illness. 7. Associat

Parameter Name   Vitamin K Test Type   Blood Normal Range   0.2–3.2 ng/mL High Levels Indicate   Rare; usually not associated with toxicity. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency; may lead to excessive bleeding. Why It's Tested   To assess clotting function and vitamin K status. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Easy bruising, bleeding gums, blood in urine or stool. What To Do If Abnormal   Increase dietary intake; consider supplementation if necessary. Common Conditions Related