Know Your Blood Parameter : Selenium

1. Parameter Name

Selenium is a trace mineral that plays a vital role in various bodily functions, including metabolism and the proper functioning of the immune system. It is an essential component of several enzymes and proteins, known as selenoproteins, which help protect cells from oxidative damage and are crucial for the production of thyroid hormones.

2. Test Type

Blood (serum selenium)The serum selenium test is performed to measure the level of selenium in the blood. This test typically requires a blood sample drawn from a vein in the arm. It is important for assessing the selenium status in the body, which can be indicative of overall health and nutritional adequacy.

3. Normal Range

60–120 µg/LThe normal range for serum selenium levels is generally considered to be between 60 and 120 micrograms per liter (µg/L). Values within this range suggest that the individual has adequate selenium levels to support metabolic processes and maintain overall health. Levels outside this range may indicate potential health issues that require further investigation.

4. High Levels Indicate

Selenosis from supplements or environmental exposure.Elevated levels of selenium in the blood can lead to a condition known as selenosis. This can occur as a result of excessive supplementation of selenium or exposure to high levels of selenium in the environment, such as from certain industrial processes or agricultural practices. Symptoms of selenosis may include gastrointestinal disturbances, hair loss, fatigue, irritability, and neurological issues.

5. Low Levels Indicate

Deficiency due to malnutrition, digestive disorders.Low serum selenium levels can indicate a deficiency, which may arise from inadequate dietary intake, malnutrition, or conditions that impair absorption, such as gastrointestinal disorders. Selenium deficiency can lead to several health problems, including weakened immune response, increased susceptibility to infections, and potential thyroid dysfunction, as selenium is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

6. Why It's Tested

To assess antioxidant capacity and thyroid function.The selenium test is performed not only to evaluate selenium levels but also to understand its role in antioxidant defense and thyroid health. Selenium is a key player in the body's antioxidant system, helping to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Additionally, it is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, making it important for maintaining proper metabolic function and energy levels.

7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)

Hair loss, nail brittleness, fatigue, mental fog.When selenium levels are abnormal, individuals may experience a range of symptoms. High levels can lead to hair loss, brittle nails, and gastrointestinal issues, while low levels may manifest as fatigue, cognitive impairment, or mental fog. These symptoms can significantly impact quality of life and may warrant further medical evaluation and intervention.

8. What To Do If Abnormal

Correct intake, review supplements, address GI issues.If selenium levels are found to be abnormal, it is crucial to take appropriate steps to correct the imbalance. This may involve adjusting dietary intake of selenium-rich foods, such as Brazil nuts, seafood, and whole grains. It is also important to review any supplements being taken to avoid excessive selenium intake. For individuals with gastrointestinal issues that may affect absorption, addressing these underlying problems is essential to restore proper selenium levels.

9. Common Conditions Related

Keshan disease, thyroid dysfunction.Several health conditions are associated with abnormal selenium levels. Keshan disease, a type of cardiomyopathy, is linked to selenium deficiency and is prevalent in certain regions with low selenium soil content. Additionally, thyroid dysfunction can arise from both low and high selenium levels, highlighting the mineral's critical role in thyroid health and hormone regulation.

10. Nutrition or Lifestyle Connection

Brazil nuts, seafood, eggs, whole grains.Dietary sources of selenium are essential for maintaining adequate levels in the body. Foods rich in selenium include Brazil nuts, which are particularly high in this mineral, as well as seafood, eggs, and whole grains. Incorporating these foods into a balanced diet can help ensure sufficient selenium intake and support overall health. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as adequate nutrition and avoiding excessive supplementation are important for maintaining optimal selenium status.

11. References (APA Format) NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. (2023). Selenium. MedlinePlus. (2023). Selenium blood test.