1. Parameter Name   White Blood Cell Count (WBC) 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range Adults : 4,000 – 11,000 cells/µL Children : 5,000 – 10,000 cells/µL 4. High Levels Indicate   Infections (bacterial, viral), inflammation, tissue injury, stress, leukemia. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, severe infections, chemotherapy effects. 6. Why It's Tested   To evaluate the immune system’s status  and detect infections, inflammations, or hematologi

1. Parameter Name Hemoglobin (Hb)   2. Test Type Blood   3. Normal Range Men:  13.8 – 17.2 g/dL Women:  12.1 – 15.1 g/dL 4. High Levels Indicate May suggest dehydration, chronic lung diseases (like COPD), or polycythemia vera (a bone marrow condition causing increased red blood cells). 5. Low Levels Indicate Can indicate iron-deficiency anemia, blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, chronic kidney disease, or bone marrow disorders. 6. Why It’s Tested Evaluates the oxygen-carry

1. Parameter Name   Eosinophils 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range Absolute Count: 0 – 500 cells/µL Percentage: 1% – 4% of total WBCs 4. High Levels Indicate   Eosinophilia — common causes include allergies (asthma, eczema, hay fever), parasitic infections (e.g., roundworms), autoimmune diseases, certain cancers (e.g., Hodgkin’s lymphoma), and eosinophilic disorders. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Eosinopenia — often insignificant alone but can occur in response to stress, Cushin

1. Parameter Name   Basophils 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range Absolute Count: 0 – 100 cells/µL Percentage: 0% – 1% of total WBCs 4. High Levels Indicate   Basophilia — can occur due to chronic inflammation, myeloproliferative disorders (e.g., chronic myeloid leukemia), hypersensitivity reactions, or certain infections like tuberculosis and chickenpox. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Basopenia — often insignificant but can be seen in cases of acute stress, hyperthyroidism, or pr

1. Parameter Name   Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range RDW-CV: 11.5% – 14.5% RDW-SD: 39 – 46 fL (some labs may vary) 4. High Levels Indicate   Increased variability in red blood cell size — seen in iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12/folate deficiency, recent blood loss, or bone marrow disorders like myelodysplastic syndromes. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Usually not clinically significant; may indicate uniform red cell size which could still b

1. Parameter Name   Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range   7.5 – 11.5 fL (may vary slightly by laboratory) 4. High Levels Indicate   Larger, younger platelets — may suggest increased platelet production due to bleeding, inflammation, or bone marrow disorders. Seen in ITP (immune thrombocytopenic purpura), sepsis, or after splenectomy. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Smaller platelets — may indicate bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, chemotherapy eff

Parameter Name   Total Cholesterol Test Type   Blood Normal Range   Desirable: < 200 mg/dL  Borderline High: 200–239 mg/dL  High: ≥ 240 mg/dL High Levels Indicate   Increased risk of cardiovascular disease. May be due to poor diet, obesity, lack of exercise, or genetic conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia. Low Levels Indicate   Rare, but may suggest malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, liver disease, or chronic infections. Why It's Tested   To assess cardiovascular risk an

Parameter Name   Low-Density Lipoprotein - LDL Cholesterol Test Type   Blood Normal Range   Optimal: < 100 mg/dL  Near optimal: 100–129 mg/dL  Borderline High: 130–159 mg/dL  High: 160–189 mg/dL  Very High: ≥ 190 mg/dL High Levels Indicate   Elevated cardiovascular risk. Commonly caused by high saturated fat intake, lack of exercise, smoking, or genetic lipid disorders. Low Levels Indicate   May suggest hyperthyroidism, malabsorption, or severe illness. Why It's Tested   Ofte

Parameter Name   High-Density Lipoprotein - HDL Cholesterol Test Type   Blood Normal Range   Men: > 40 mg/dL  Women: > 50 mg/dL  Optimal: ≥ 60 mg/dL (cardioprotective) High Levels Indicate   Generally considered protective. However, very high levels (> 100 mg/dL) may rarely be linked to genetic factors or dysfunction. Low Levels Indicate Increased risk of heart disease, often due to sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. Why It's Tested   Known as "good

Parameter Name   Triglycerides Test Type   Blood (fasting recommended) Normal Range   Normal: < 150 mg/dL  Borderline High: 150–199 mg/dL  High: 200–499 mg/dL  Very High: ≥ 500 mg/dL High Levels Indicate   May suggest risk of heart disease, pancreatitis, insulin resistance, diabetes, alcohol abuse, or metabolic syndrome. Low Levels Indicate   Rare; could be due to malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, or chronic illness. Why It's Tested   To assess fat levels in blood, cardiovascula

Parameter Name   Very Low-Density Lipoprotein - VLDL Cholesterol Test Type Blood Normal Range   2 – 30 mg/dL (some labs may use 5–40 mg/dL) High Levels Indicate   Excess triglyceride production; increased risk of heart disease and insulin resistance. Low Levels Indicate   Rare; may suggest malnutrition, liver dysfunction, or chronic illness. Why It's Tested   Estimates triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; supports assessment of cardiovascular and metabolic health. Associated Symp