Know Your Blood Parameter : HDL Cholesterol
- Summarised by TGHC Editorial Team
- May 24, 2025
- 3 min read
Updated: Dec 22, 2025
Parameter Name
High-Density Lipoprotein - HDL Cholesterol
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol due to its beneficial role in cardiovascular health. Unlike low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, HDL helps transport cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. This function is critical in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Test Type
Blood
The HDL cholesterol level is assessed through a blood test, typically as part of a lipid panel. This test measures various types of cholesterol in the blood, providing a comprehensive overview of an individual's lipid profile. It is usually performed after fasting for at least 9 to 12 hours to ensure accurate results, as food intake can temporarily affect cholesterol levels.
Normal Range
Men: > 40 mg/dL
Women: > 50 mg/dL
Optimal: ≥ 60 mg/dL (cardioprotective)
The normal range for HDL cholesterol varies between men and women, reflecting differences in physiology and hormonal influences. For men, a level above 40 mg/dL is considered acceptable, while for women, a level above 50 mg/dL is deemed appropriate. However, achieving an HDL level of 60 mg/dL or higher is optimal, as this level is associated with a lower risk of heart disease and is considered cardioprotective.
High Levels Indicate
Generally considered protective. However, very high levels (> 100 mg/dL) may rarely be linked to genetic factors or dysfunction.
While high levels of HDL cholesterol are typically viewed positively, indicating a lower risk of cardiovascular issues, extremely elevated levels (greater than 100 mg/dL) can sometimes be associated with certain genetic disorders or metabolic dysfunctions. In these rare cases, it is essential to further investigate the underlying causes to ensure that there are no other health concerns at play.
Low Levels Indicate
Increased risk of heart disease, often due to sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, or metabolic syndrome.
Low levels of HDL cholesterol can signal an increased risk for developing heart disease, as this may indicate that the body is less efficient at removing harmful LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. Contributing factors to low HDL levels often include a sedentary lifestyle, smoking habits, obesity, and conditions such as metabolic syndrome, which encompasses a range of metabolic abnormalities.
Why It's Tested
Known as "good cholesterol"; helps remove LDL cholesterol from arteries.
The primary reason for testing HDL cholesterol levels is to assess an individual's risk for cardiovascular diseases. By understanding the balance of HDL and LDL cholesterol in the body, healthcare providers can better evaluate a patient’s cardiovascular health and make informed recommendations for lifestyle changes or medical interventions that may be necessary to improve their overall well-being.
Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)
Usually asymptomatic; low HDL is a silent risk factor for heart disease.
In most cases, individuals with low HDL cholesterol levels do not exhibit any noticeable symptoms, making it a silent risk factor for heart disease. Because of this asymptomatic nature, regular cholesterol testing is crucial for early detection and management of potential cardiovascular issues, allowing for timely interventions that can help mitigate risks.
What To Do If Abnormal
Encourage aerobic exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, and dietary improvements.
If HDL cholesterol levels are found to be abnormal, particularly if they are low, it is vital to take proactive steps to improve these levels. Strategies may include increasing physical activity through aerobic exercises such as walking, running, swimming, or cycling. Additionally, achieving a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and making dietary improvements—such as incorporating more healthy fats and whole foods while reducing sugar and refined carbohydrates—can significantly enhance HDL levels and overall heart health.
Common Conditions Related
Metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease.
Low HDL cholesterol levels are commonly associated with several health conditions, including metabolic syndrome, which encompasses a cluster of symptoms that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Additionally, individuals with type 2 diabetes often exhibit lower HDL levels, further compounding their cardiovascular risk. Understanding these associations is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies.
Nutrition or Lifestyle Connection
Increase physical activity, healthy fats (olive oil, nuts), stop smoking, limit sugar and refined carbs.
Nutrition and lifestyle choices play a significant role in influencing HDL cholesterol levels. Engaging in regular physical activity not only helps raise HDL levels but also supports overall cardiovascular health. Incorporating healthy fats from sources such as olive oil, avocados, and nuts can positively impact cholesterol levels. In contrast, reducing the intake of sugar and refined carbohydrates, along with quitting smoking, can further enhance HDL levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. Making these lifestyle changes can lead to long-term health benefits and improved quality of life.
References (APA Format)
Mayo Clinic. (2023). HDL cholesterol: How to boost it. American Heart Association. (2023). HDL: The "good" cholesterol. MedlinePlus. (2023). HDL Cholesterol.
