1. Parameter Name   Uric Acid 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range Men : 3.4 – 7.0 mg/dL Women : 2.4 – 6.0 mg/dL  (Ranges may vary slightly by laboratory) 4. High Levels Indicate   Hyperuricemia, which may occur due to excessive purine metabolism, kidney dysfunction, high alcohol or meat intake, certain cancers, or medications like diuretics. High uric acid levels can lead to gout or uric acid kidney stones. 5. Low Levels Indicate   Uncommon but may be seen in liver disease,

Parameter Name   Albumin Test Type   Blood Normal Range   3.5 – 5.0 g/dL High Levels Indicate   Rare — may suggest dehydration or high-protein diet. Low Levels Indicate   Liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, chronic illness, or inflammation. Why It's Tested   Assesses liver function and nutritional status. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Swelling (edema), fatigue, delayed wound healing, ascites What To Do If Abnormal   Evaluate with liver/kidney tests, dietary rev

Parameter Name   Globulin Test Type   Blood Normal Range   2.0 – 3.5 g/dL High Levels Indicate   Chronic inflammation, infections, autoimmune disorders, multiple myeloma. Low Levels Indicate   Kidney disease, liver disease, immunodeficiency, or protein-losing conditions. Why It's Tested   Helps evaluate immune function, liver health, and protein balance. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Recurrent infections, fatigue, weight loss, swelling What To Do If Abnormal   Evaluate

Parameter Name   A/G Ratio (Albumin/Globulin Ratio) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   1.0 – 2.2 High Levels Indicate   Low globulin levels; may suggest genetic immune disorders or leukemia. Low Levels Indicate   High globulin levels — often due to chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or liver/kidney disease. Why It's Tested   Assesses protein balance; helps distinguish causes of abnormal total protein. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Generally asymptomatic, may show si

Parameter Name   Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   7 – 20 mg/dL (adults) High Levels Indicate   Impaired kidney function, dehydration, high protein intake, or GI bleeding. Low Levels Indicate   Malnutrition, liver dysfunction, overhydration. Why It's Tested   To assess kidney function and detect urea buildup due to reduced filtration. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Fatigue, confusion, nausea, swelling (in kidney failure). What To Do If Abnormal  

Parameter Name   Serum Creatinine Test Type   Blood Normal Range   Men: 0.74 – 1.35 mg/dL  Women: 0.59 – 1.04 mg/dL High Levels Indicate   Impaired kidney function, dehydration, muscle injury, or medications. Low Levels Indicate   Low muscle mass, malnutrition, pregnancy. Why It's Tested   Core marker to assess kidney filtration ability. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Swelling, fatigue, confusion, decreased urine output (in advanced stages). What To Do If Abnormal   Repe

1. Parameter Name   BUN: Creatinine Ratio 2. Test Type   Blood 3. Normal Range Typical Range : 10:1 to 20:1 (May vary slightly based on the lab) 4. High Levels Indicate   May indicate dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, high protein intake, or catabolic states. A high ratio with elevated BUN and normal creatinine often suggests prerenal causes. 5. Low Levels Indicate   May suggest liver disease, malnutrition, or acute tubular necrosis where creatinine rises disproportiona

Parameter Name   Urea Test Type   Blood Normal Range   10 – 40 mg/dL High Levels Indicate   Kidney dysfunction, dehydration, heart failure, excessive protein breakdown. Low Levels Indicate   Liver failure, malnutrition, overhydration. Why It's Tested   To assess nitrogen waste excretion by the kidneys. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Nausea, confusion, fatigue, swelling (with high levels) What To Do If Abnormal   Evaluate with creatinine and BUN, review hydration and prot

Parameter Name Uric Acid Test Type Blood Normal Range Men: 2.5–7.0 mg/dL (some sources 4.0–8.5) Women: 1.5–6.0 mg/dL (some sources 2.7–7.3) High Levels (Hyperuricemia) Causes: overproduction (high-purine diet, cell breakdown), reduced excretion (kidney issues, diuretics, dehydration, alcohol)  May indicate : gout, uric acid kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, tumorlysis syndrome  Low Levels (Hypouricemia) Causes: rare genetic/kidney tubular disorders (

Parameter Name   eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) Test Type   Blood (calculated from creatinine) Normal Range   ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m² (with no kidney damage). High Levels Indicate   Not clinically relevant (may reflect overestimation in muscle wasting). Low Levels Indicate   Reduced kidney filtration, indicating CKD stages 1–5 based on value. Why It's Tested   Best marker to evaluate kidney function and classify CKD stages. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Often s

Parameter Name   Total T3 (Triiodothyronine) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   Adults: 80 – 200 ng/dL High Levels Indicate   Hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, or excess thyroid hormone intake. Low Levels Indicate   Hypothyroidism, starvation, chronic illness, or pituitary dysfunction. Why It's Tested   To evaluate thyroid function and diagnose hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   High: Anxiety, palpitations, weight loss  Low: Fati

Parameter Name   Total T4 (Thyroxine) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   5.0 – 12.0 µg/dL High Levels Indicate   Hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease, thyroid inflammation, pregnancy (transient). Low Levels Indicate   Hypothyroidism, pituitary disease, iodine deficiency. Why It's Tested   To assess overall thyroid hormone levels in suspected thyroid dysfunction. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   High: Weight loss, tremors, heat intolerance  Low: Constipation, fatigue, depression

Parameter Name   Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   0.4 – 4.0 mIU/L High Levels Indicate   Underactive thyroid (primary hypothyroidism), Hashimoto’s disease, iodine deficiency. Low Levels Indicate   Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), pituitary gland problems, or medication effects. Why It's Tested   Primary screening test for thyroid disorders; reflects thyroid-pituitary feedback. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   High: Fatigue, weight gai

Parameter Name   Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   Men: 110 – 180 mg/dL Women: 120 – 200 mg/dL High Levels Indicate   Generally protective; reflects high HDL and reduced heart disease risk. Low Levels Indicate   Increased cardiovascular risk; linked with low HDL, smoking, metabolic disorders. Why It's Tested   To assess HDL function and heart disease risk more accurately than HDL alone. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Usually asymptomatic; risk ac

Parameter Name   Vitamin D (25-Hydroxyvitamin D) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   20–50 ng/mL High Levels Indicate   Excessive supplementation may lead to toxicity, causing nausea, weakness, and kidney issues. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency; associated with bone pain, muscle weakness, increased risk of fractures. Why It's Tested   To assess bone health, calcium absorption, and identify deficiency or toxicity. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Fatigue, bone pain, muscle we

Parameter Name   Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   < 90 mg/dL (optimal for low-risk)  < 70 mg/dL (for high cardiovascular risk) High Levels Indicate   High levels of atherogenic particles (LDL, VLDL); strong predictor of heart disease. Low Levels Indicate   Lower cardiovascular risk; may be seen with aggressive lipid-lowering therapy. Why It's Tested   To estimate total number of atherogenic particles better than LDL-C. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)

Parameter Name   Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   160–950 pg/mL High Levels Indicate   Rare; may be due to supplementation or liver disease. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency; can lead to anemia, neurological issues, fatigue. Why It's Tested   To diagnose deficiency, especially in individuals with anemia or neurological symptoms. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Fatigue, weakness, numbness, memory issues. What To Do If Abnormal Increase intake throug

Parameter Name   Vitamin B9 (Folate/Folic Acid) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   4–20 ng/mL High Levels Indicate   Generally non-toxic; excess usually excreted. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency; may cause anemia, fatigue, mouth sores. Why It's Tested   To detect deficiency, especially in pregnant women or individuals with anemia. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Fatigue, weakness, irritability, shortness of breath. What To Do If Abnormal   Increase intake through diet or s

Parameter Name   Vitamin A (Retinol) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   20–60 µg/dL High Levels Indicate   Toxicity; may cause liver damage, headaches, blurred vision. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency; can lead to night blindness, dry eyes, increased infection risk. Why It's Tested   To assess vitamin A status, especially in individuals with vision issues or malnutrition. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Night blindness, dry skin, frequent infections. What To Do If Abnormal

Parameter Name   Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) Test Type   Blood Normal Range   5.5–17 mg/L High Levels Indicate   Over-supplementation may increase bleeding risk. Low Levels Indicate   Deficiency can cause nerve and muscle damage. Why It's Tested   To evaluate antioxidant status and diagnose deficiencies. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal)   Muscle weakness, vision problems, immune dysfunction. What To Do If Abnormal   Adjust intake through diet or supplements; treat underlyin