Parameter Name   Albumin Albumin is a crucial protein that is synthesized in the liver and plays a vital role in maintaining oncotic pressure, which is essential for the proper distribution of body fluids between blood vessels and tissues. It is also involved in transporting various substances, including hormones, vitamins, and drugs, throughout the bloodstream. The measurement of albumin levels is significant in evaluating a person's overall health, particularly liver and ki

Parameter Name   Globulin Globulin is a group of proteins in the blood plasma that play a vital role in various bodily functions, including immune response, transport of hormones and vitamins, and maintenance of osmotic pressure. These proteins are produced primarily by the liver and the immune system, specifically by plasma cells, and they can be further categorized into different types, such as alpha, beta, and gamma globulins, each serving distinct functions in the body. T

Parameter Name   The A/G Ratio (Albumin/Globulin Ratio) is a significant laboratory measurement that evaluates the relative amounts of two types of proteins found in the blood: albumin and globulin. Albumin is a protein produced by the liver, while globulins are a group of proteins that play various roles, including in immune function and transport of substances in the bloodstream. Test Type   The A/G Ratio is determined through a blood test, which involves drawing a sample o

Parameter Name   Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Blood Urea Nitrogen, commonly abbreviated as BUN, is a crucial parameter in the assessment of kidney function and overall metabolic status in the body. It reflects the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea, a waste product formed in the liver after the body breaks down protein. Test Type   Blood This test is performed using a blood sample, typically drawn from a vein in the arm. It is a straightforward procedure that u

Parameter Name   Serum Creatinine Serum creatinine is a crucial biochemical marker that reflects the level of creatinine in the blood, which is a waste product formed from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. The kidneys filter out creatinine from the bloodstream, and its concentration in the serum is an important indicator of renal function. Test Type   Blood This test is performed on a blood sample, typically drawn from a vein in the arm. The blood sample is then analyzed

1. Parameter Name   BUN: Creatinine Ratio This parameter, known as the Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio, is an important diagnostic tool used in the evaluation of renal function and overall metabolic status. It provides insight into the balance between urea nitrogen, which is produced from protein metabolism, and creatinine, a waste product generated from muscle metabolism. A careful assessment of this ratio can help clinicians determine the underlying causes of kidney

Parameter Name   Urea Urea is a nitrogenous compound that is formed in the liver as a result of protein metabolism. It is the primary component of urine and serves as a key indicator of renal function. Test Type   Blood The urea test is performed on a blood sample, which is typically drawn from a vein in the arm. This type of testing is crucial for evaluating how well the kidneys are filtering waste products from the blood. Normal Range   10 – 40 mg/dL This range may vary sli

Parameter Name Uric Acid Test Type Blood Normal Range Men: 2.5–7.0 mg/dL (some sources 4.0–8.5) Women: 1.5–6.0 mg/dL (some sources 2.7–7.3) High Levels (Hyperuricemia) Causes: overproduction (high-purine diet, cell breakdown), reduced excretion (kidney issues, diuretics, dehydration, alcohol)  May indicate : gout, uric acid kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, tumorlysis syndrome  Low Levels (Hypouricemia) Causes: rare genetic/kidney tubular disorders (

Parameter Name   eGFR (Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) The eGFR is a crucial measurement used to assess kidney function by estimating how well the kidneys are filtering waste from the blood. This parameter is derived from various factors including serum creatinine levels, age, gender, and race, thereby providing a comprehensive view of kidney health. Test Type   Blood (calculated from creatinine) The eGFR test is primarily conducted on a blood sample where the level of

Parameter Name   Total T3 (Triiodothyronine) Total T3, or Triiodothyronine, is one of the key hormones produced by the thyroid gland. It plays a critical role in regulating various physiological processes in the body, including metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. This hormone is derived from the conversion of thyroxine (T4), another thyroid hormone, and is vital for proper growth and development. Test Type   Blood The Total T3 test is performed using a blood sample,

Parameter Name   Total T4 (Thyroxine) Total T4, or thyroxine, is one of the primary hormones produced by the thyroid gland, playing a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the body. Test Type   Blood This test is performed through a simple blood draw, where a healthcare professional collects a sample from a vein, typically located in the arm. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. Normal Range   5.0 – 12.0 µg/dL The normal range for to

Parameter Name   Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a crucial hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. This hormone plays a vital role in regulating the body's metabolism, energy levels, and overall hormonal balance. It acts as a messenger to the thyroid gland, stimulating it to produce and release thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These thyroid hormones are essential for numerous bodily function

Parameter Name   Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) Apolipoprotein A1, commonly known as ApoA1, is a key protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. This protein plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is vital for the transport of cholesterol from tissues back to the liver for excretion or recycling. It acts as a cofactor for the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), which is essential for the formation of cholesterol esters. Elevated levels of

Parameter Name   Vitamin D (25-Hydroxyvitamin D) This parameter specifically measures the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the bloodstream, which is the primary circulating form of vitamin D and a key indicator of vitamin D status in the body. The measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D is crucial because it reflects the amount of vitamin D that has been synthesized from sunlight exposure as well as that obtained from dietary sources and supplements. This form of vitamin D is what

Parameter Name   Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) Apolipoprotein B, commonly referred to as ApoB, is a crucial protein that plays a significant role in lipid metabolism. It is the primary protein component of several lipoproteins, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which are key players in transporting cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream. The measurement of ApoB levels provides insight into the number of atherogenic particles

Parameter Name   Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in the body’s metabolic processes. It is essential for the formation of red blood cells, DNA synthesis, and the proper functioning and development of brain and nerve cells. This vitamin is unique in its structure and is one of the eight B vitamins. Test Type   Blood The Vitamin B12 test is conducted using a blood sample, which is analyzed to dete

Parameter Name   Vitamin B9 (Folate/Folic Acid) Vitamin B9, commonly referred to as folate in its natural form and folic acid when synthesized, is a water-soluble B vitamin that plays a crucial role in numerous bodily functions. It is essential for DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, and it is particularly important during periods of rapid growth such as during pregnancy and fetal development. Test Type   Blood The test for Vitamin B9 levels is conducted through a blood s

Parameter Name   Vitamin A (Retinol) Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including vision, immune system performance, and skin health. It exists in two primary forms in the diet: preformed vitamin A (retinol), found in animal products, and provitamin A carotenoids, found in plant-based foods. Test Type   Blood The vitamin A test is typically performed on a blood sample, which is analyzed to measure the level of retinol in

Parameter Name   Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. Among its various forms, alpha-tocopherol is the most active and prevalent in human physiology, making it the primary form of vitamin E that is utilized by the body. Test Type   Blood The vitamin E level is assessed through a blood test, where a sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the

Parameter Name   Total Protein Total protein refers to the sum of all the proteins present in the plasma of the blood. These proteins play crucial roles in various bodily functions, including maintaining osmotic pressure, transporting substances, and serving as enzymes and antibodies. The measurement of total protein is an essential part of many diagnostic tests and can provide valuable insights into a person's overall health and nutritional status. Test Type   Blood The tota