Know Your Blood Parameter: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

1. Parameter Name 

   Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

   
   

2. Test Type 

   Blood

   
   

3. Normal Range 

   7 – 20 mg/dL (adults)

   
   

4. High Levels Indicate 

   Impaired kidney function, dehydration, high protein intake, or GI bleeding.

   
   

5. Low Levels Indicate 

   Malnutrition, liver dysfunction, overhydration.

   
   

6. Why It's Tested 

   To assess kidney function and detect urea buildup due to reduced filtration.

   
   

7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) 

   Fatigue, confusion, nausea, swelling (in kidney failure).

   
   

8. What To Do If Abnormal 

   Re-evaluate hydration status, protein intake; consider creatinine and eGFR tests.

   
   

9. Common Conditions Related 

   Chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, liver disease

   
   

10. Nutrition or Lifestyle Connection 

    Moderate protein intake, adequate hydration, monitor salt use.

    
    

11. References (APA Format) 

    • MedlinePlus. (2023). BUN test. 

    • Mayo Clinic. (2022). Kidney function tests. 

    • Pagana, K. D., & Pagana, T. J. (2021). Mosby’s diagnostic and laboratory test reference.