Know Your Blood Parameter : HbA1c

1. Parameter Name 

   Hemoglobin A1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)

   
   

2. Test Type 

   Blood

   
   

3. Normal Range

   • Normal: < 5.7%

   • Prediabetes: 5.7 – 6.4%

   • Diabetes: ≥ 6.5%

     
     

4. High Levels Indicate 

   Poor long-term blood sugar control. Seen in diabetes, insulin resistance, or poorly managed lifestyle.

   
   

5. Low Levels Indicate 

   Hypoglycemia, certain types of anemia, or overtreatment with insulin/medications.

   
   

6. Why It's Tested 

   Measures average blood glucose over 2–3 months. Helps diagnose or monitor diabetes.

   
   

7. Associated Symptoms (if abnormal) 

   • High: Frequent urination, thirst, fatigue 

   • Low: Shakiness, confusion, sweating

   
   

8. What To Do If Abnormal 

   Confirm with additional glucose testing. Review lifestyle, medications, and consult a doctor.

   
   

9. Common Conditions Related 

   Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, anemia

   
   

10. Nutrition or Lifestyle Connection 

    Follow a low-GI diet, stay active, manage stress, reduce intake of refined sugar.

    
    

11. References (APA Format) 

    American Diabetes Association. (2024).

    Standards of Care in Diabetes. 

    MedlinePlus. (2023). HbA1c test. 

    Mayo Clinic. (2022). Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test.